Ignorance surrounding Tartary's use as a place name has spawned conspiracy theories on the internet including ideas of a 'hidden past' and 'mudflood'. Tartary was not a country, but rather a European name for a region poorly understood by Europeans. Much of this area consists of arid plains, the main population of which in the past was engaged in animal husbandry. In modern English-speaking tradition, the region formerly known as Tartary is usually called Inner or Central Eurasia. In European sources, Tartary became the most common name for Central Asia in a series of negatively colored names that had no connection with the real polities or ethnic groups of the region until the 19th century, European knowledge of the area remained extremely scarce and fragmentary. The active use of the toponym (place name) can be traced from the 13th to the 19th century. Tartary ( Latin: Tartaria, French: Tartarie, German: Tartarei, Russian: Тартария) or Tatary ( Russian: Татария) was a blanket term used in Western European literature and cartography for a vast part of Asia bounded by the Caspian Sea, the Ural Mountains, the Pacific Ocean, and the northern borders of China and India at a time when this region was largely unknown to European geographers. Map of independent Tartary (in yellow) and Chinese Tartary (in violet), in 1806.

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